IntroductionIntroduction

ROWLANDS GILL
AND THE NORTH-EAST
1939 - 1945

by Brian Pears

SOURCES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.

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Key
AA Archaeologia Aeliana
BBC British Broadcasting Corporation
DCRO Durham County Records Office
GEC General Electric Company
GMBC Gateshead Metropolitan Borough Council
HMSO Her Majesty's Stationery Office
NCRO Northumberland County Records Office
PRO The National Archives
ROC Royal Observer Corps
TWAS Tyne and Wear Archives Service
TWIMT Tyne and Wear Industrial Monuments Trust

Published Sources.

Action Stations Vol 7 David J Smith
After The Battle Issues 1-84 Battle of Britain Prints International
Annals of the Parish of Winlaton W.Bourn 1902
Anti-Aircraft Ian V. Hogg
Attack Warning Red Derek Wood, Carmichael & Sweet 1992
BBC Engineering 1922-1972 E.Pawley, BBC 1972
The Battle of Britain Then and Now W.Ramsey 1980
Battle of Wits David Owen Leo Cooper 1978
Beneath the City Streets Peter Laurie 1970
The Black Game Ellic Howe Michael Joseph 1982
The Blitz Then and Now Vols 1-3 W.Ramsey 1987-1990
Bomber Command War Diaries M.Middlebrook & C.Everitt Viking 1985
Bombs by the Hundred on Stockton-on-Tees D.Brown
Britain at War Roger A Freeman 1990
Britain at War - The Royal Navy 1939-1940 Chatterton
Britannia Sheppard Frere 1967
British Intelligence in the Second World War Vol 4 F.H.Hinsley HMSO 1990
British Intelligence in the Second World War Vol 5 M. Howard HMSO 1990
CH - The First Operational Radar B.T.Neale GEC Journal of Research 1985
Chronicle of the Second World War Longman 1990
Civil Defence Blaydon East School 1946
Civil Defence T.H.O'Brien HMSO
Coastal Defences of England and Wales Ian V. Hogg, David & Charles 1974
Coastguard William Webb HMSO 1976
Confound and Destroy Martin Streetly McDonald & Jane's 1978
The Consett Story Consett Lions
D-Day W.Tute etc. Sidgwick & Jackson 1974
The DLI at War David Rissik 1953
Dark Tales of Old Newcastle Pamela Armstrong 1990
The Day War Broke Out Peter Haining 1989
Defence of the Nation Michael Dewar Arms & Armour Press 1989
The Defence of the United Kingdom Basil Collier HMSO 1957
The Derwent Valley Walk GMBC 1980
The Derwent Valley Walk GMBC 1990
Derwent Walk Country Park Industrial History GMBC
The Durham Light Infantry William Moore, Leo Cooper 1975
Eagles High Peter North
Ebchester, the Story of a North Durham Village Ebchester Village Trust
Eighty Years Brian Pears 1983
Encyclopedia of Codenames of World War II Christopher Chant 1986
The Enemy is Listening Aileen Clayton Hutchinson 1980
Enigma W. Kozaczuk Arms & Armour Press 1984
Excavations at Ebchester Roman Fort 1972-1973 V.A.Maxfield & A.H.Reed AA
The Eye of Intelligence Ursula Powys-Lybbe, Kimber 1983
Faithful - The Story of the DLI S.G.P.Ward 1963
Famous Northern Battles Frank Graham
Fire Over England H.G.Castle 1982
Front Line 1940-1941 HMSO 1942
Gasmask Distribution Item in Blaydon Courier 30/9/1938
Gateshead Perambulations Desmond O'Donnell 1990
The German Fifth Column in the 2nd World War Louis de Jong 1956
The Great Invasion Leonard Cottrell 1958
The Great War ed H.W.Wilson
H.M.S. Calliope Article in Gateshead Post 23/9/1989
Happy Days and Homework Alan Wright 1991
High Spen - A Hundred Years A.Johnson
History of the Great War. Naval Operations, Vol 2 Corbett 1921
History of Gateshead F.W.D. Manders
Hitler's Englishman Francis Selwyn Routledge & Kegan Paul
Home Front Marion Yass 1973
How We Lived Then Norman Longmate, Hutchinson 1971
A Hundred Years, St Patrick's, High Spen Martin Jackson 199
Instruments of Darkness Alfred Price Peninsular Publishing 1987
Intercept Josef Garlinski, Dent 1979
Invasion Kenneth Macksey
Invasion 1940 Peter Fleming 1957
Invasion of England 1940 Peter Schenk Conway Maratime Press
The Making of Britain T.K.Derry & M.G.Blakeway 1968
The Mare's Nest David Irving 1964
Mass Daylight Raid on the NE of England... 23 Group ROC
Military Archeology Terry Gander (Patrick Stephens 1973)
Most Secret War R.V.Jones 1978
A Nation Alone Arthur Ward
Newcastle at War Newcastle City Libraries 1985
Newcastle-upon-Tyne S.Middlebrook 1950
North East Diary 1939-1945 Roy Ripley (See note on page 105).
Northumbria in the Days of Bede Peter H. Blair, Gollancz 1977
Northumbria's Decameron Howard Pease 1927
One Hour in the Battle of Britain G & J Brown Tyne & Tweed Issue 45
Operation Chastise J.Sweetman Janes 1982
Operation Sealion R.Cox 1974
Pillbox Defences of Northumberland A.Rudd & D.L.Clarke (Tyne & Tweed 44)
Pillboxes Henry Wills 1985
Prisoners of England Miriam Kockan Macmillan 1980
Problems of Social Policy R.M.Titmus HMSO 1950
Radio Warfare Lawrence C. Soley, Praeger 1989
Rise and Fall of the German Air Force 1933-1945
Roof Over Britain HMSO 1943
Royal Air Force Unit Histories, Vol 1. J.J.Halley
Royal Grammar School B.Mains and A.Tuck Oriel Press 1986
Secret War Eric Forster - a series of articles in the Newcastle Evening Chronicle Feb 1981
Secret War With Germany William B.Breuer Airlife Publ. 1988
The Seige and Storming of Newcastle... Reprinted T & G Allan 1932
Seizing the Enigma David Kahn Souvenir Press 1992
A Short History of the Second World War Basil Collier 1967
Some Chapters in the History of Whickham... Helen G. Bowling
Spies of the Airwaves Hugh Skillen 1989
Stand Down L.B. Whittaker 1990
Stranger Than Fiction Pulford 1943
Summer for Heroes. Derek Wood and Derek Dempster
This Present Emergency Andrew Jeffrey Mainstream Publ. Co 1992
Sunderland Fire Brigade J.T.Bryce
Temporary Settlements and Transient Populations. The Legacy of Britain's Prisoner of War Camps: 1940-1948 J. Anthony Hellen Erdkunde Band 53/1999
Twenty-one Squadrons Leslie Hunt Garnstone Press 1972
Tyneside and the Russian Revolution David Saunders -in Northern Historian
Victoria Tunnel "In Trust" Issue 2, TWIMT
Victoria Tunnel A.G.Chamberlain & A.D.Greig TWIMT 1977
Victoria Tunnel D.J. Rowe in Industrial Archaeology
Vikings in Britain H.R.Loyn 1977
Volunteer Movement Winlaton Local History Bulletin No 4
War Plan U.K. Duncan Campbell 1982
War in the Air Vol 3 H.A.Jones 1931
War in the Countryside 1939-1945 Sadie Ward, Cameron 1988
The War of Words Asa Briggs 1970
Watchers of the North East 23 Group ROC, Archive Committee 1988
Water to Tyneside R.W.Rennison 1979
We'll Meet Again Joanna Smith, Dent 1984
We'll Meet Again Vera Lynn
Yorkshire at War Leo Kessler and Eric Taylor

Unpublished Sources.

A.R.P. and Special Constabulary papers Gateshead Local Studies Dept
ARP Coordinator's Notebook TWAS 2394
ARP Personnel DCRO CC/CD/36 and TWAS T214-217
Air Raid Shelters TWAS T136-128
Air Raid Warning Lists TWAS T136-91,104
Blackout TWAS T136-81, 82
Blaydon Report Centre Log Book Courtesy of Mr S.J.Robinson
Consolidated List of HAA Gun Positions P.R.O. WO 106/5912
Demolition of Air Raid Shelters TWAS T169-1
Diaries 1942-1947 Thomas William Pears
Durham Const. - Record of Air Raids. Courtesy of the Force Librarian
Gateshead Watch Committee Minutes Gateshead Local Studies Dept
Home Guard Explosive Stores TWAS T136-102
Incident involving Italian P.O.W. TWAS T136-122
Letter re Air-Raid on Bolam Courtesy of R.Carmichael of Belsay
Local Newspaper extracts. Compiled by Ron Anderson
Low Fell School Log-Books Courtesy of the Head Teacher
Min. of Home Security Ops Bulletins NCRO 444/15 and TWAS T170-8
Misc. A.R.P. papers; Blaydon U.D.C. Courtesy of Gateshead Council *
Misc. books and papers re Home Guard Courtesy of the D.L.I. Museum
Misc. notes Thomas William Pears
Newcastle Air Raid Reports TWAS T136-133,134,120
Northumberland Air Raid Reports NCRO NC/6/10 (NRO 640/39)
Northumberland County Council Minutes 1941-42 NCRO
Northd. War Damage Reports for SE of County NCRO
Ops Record Book H.Q. No 13 Group R.A.F. P.R.O. AIR 25/233
Plan of Victoria Tunnel Courtesy of Newcastle City Council
Police Radio Interception Unit TWAS T136/87
Rowlands Gill Boys School Log Book TWAS T118/109
Rowlands Gill War Memorial  
Searchlight Locations 1942 PRO WO 166/6696
St Patrick's Church War Memorial  
St Peters School Log Book NCRO CES6/1/2 (NRO736)
Sunderland Air Raid Reports TWAS 209/113
Tyne Stop Line PRO WO 199/1516
War Damage Reports Craster & Alnmouth NCRO NRO756 C19
War Damage Reports Radcliffe & Boulmer NCRO NRO756 C20

*(Sadly this original material was destroyed in 1974; all that remains are the notes and a handful of photocopies which I was allowed to make in August of that year.)

I would like to thank the staff of the following organisations for their assistance:

Commonwealth War Graves Commission
Durham County Constabulary - Community Relations Dept., Durham City
Durham County Constabulary - Force Library, Aykley Heads
Durham County Records Office
Durham Light Infantry Museum
Forestry Commission, Chopwell Woods
Fortress Study Group - North East
Gateshead Central Library, Local Studies Dept
Low Fell School
National Trust, Gibside
Newcastle Central Library
North East Aircraft Museum
Northumberland County Council, Amenities Division
Northumberland County Record Office
Ordnance Survey, Newcastle
Royal Naval Reserve, H.M.S. Calliope
Royal Observer Corps, Northern Area Collection
Tyne & Wear Archives Service
Waugh Moody and Mulcahy

I would also like to thank the following individuals for information or assistance:

R.Adamson, Rich Allenby, T.L.Almond, Miss J.S.Andrews, G.R.Armatage, Mrs T.Armatage, I.Atkinson, F.Babak, F.Batul, G.Batul, Mrs S.Batul, L.Beech, J.R.Bell, G.C.Bennett, F.Bewick, Mrs S.Bird, Mrs A.Birtle, A.Blazendale, J.B.Blenkinsop, Mrs E.Braun, A.E.Bright, Mrs J.Bright, E.Brodis, I.Brown, A.Burton, Mrs G.Burton, T.Burton, Mrs H.Canning, D.M.Cape, R.Carmichael, Miss E.Carnaffin, J.Carrick, R.Cawthorne, R.Charlton, Miss D.Cheeseman, Mrs D.Clark, J.Clark, E.Cooper, A.Cumberledge, W.S.Davey, J.Donald, J.Edgell, V.Elliott, W.Fulton, Mrs J.Gardner, K.Gardner, M.Gardner, I.Garnham, Major Gillman, G.V.Graham, J.Graham, Lieut Green, D.Harding, A.Harrison, S.Henderson, R.Hewitson, B.Holburn, W.Ismay, F.Jennings, S.Jackson, A.Johnson, C.Johnson, J.Johnson, W.Joyce, Mrs M.Laing, T.Lake, S.Lamb, J.R.Lawther, Miss V.Ledger, J.Little, Mrs H.Lonsdale, B.McNaughton, F.W.D.Manders, R.Marwood, the late N.Matthews, D.Meehan, the late W.S.Meehan, J.T.Middleton, the late T.C.Middleton, Dr K.Miller, E.Moore, R.Morley, Mrs R.Newton, Mrs D.Oliver, N.Ovington, J.Peacock, R.Peacock, T.Peacock, F.Peareth, G.Peareth, the late T.W.Pears, the late Mrs C.Pears, J.W.Perrin, Miss E.B.Philipson, G.R.Philipson, Mrs J.Philipson, Miss I.Querry, J.A.Readdie, D.Renwick, R.Ripley, N.G.Rippeth, J.S.Robinson, Dr A.Rounding, A.Rudd, W.Rutland, the late A.L.Samovics, Mrs M.C.Samovics, Mrs E.Scott, Mrs M.Self, R.Selkirk, S.C.Shannon, R.Simms, V.C.Smith, W.Smith, H.Spendiff, Mrs D.Stoker, R.Stubbs, the late M.W.Surtees, J.Uren, Mrs W.Urwin, E.Veitch, F.Vickers, J.H.Walker, J.Wallace, J.D.Walton, I.Ward, the late Mrs E.Waters, P.White, A.Wright, J.Wright, Mrs J.Wright, Mrs I.Young.

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